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Benares

City, 1794–1947

بنارسوارانسیबनारसवाराणसी

Today Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Same place, renamed.

Key facts

Historical name
Benares
Type
City
Coordinates
25.3189° N, 83.0128° E(seed dataset)
Governance
Directly administered
Record confidence
High confidence
Identifiers
Q79980

Directly administered by the Governor-General of India, and therefore part of British India in the statutory sense of the Interpretation Act 1889, s.18.

Location

Pin placed at the coordinates recorded for this place. Colonial-era boundaries are not drawn.

Description

Hindu pilgrimage city on the Ganges, head-quarters of Benares District 'with cantonment' according to the Imperial Gazetteer.

Historical notes

Ceded to the East India Company by the Nawab of Oudh in 1775 and fully administered from 1794; the Maharaja of Benares held the adjoining Ramnagar estate. Renamed Varanasi after 1947.

Administrative history

Administrative parenthood changed over time. Each row states the years it is recorded for, and the source it comes from.

Administrative units this place is recorded under, by year
YearsRelationUnitConfidence
from 1901Part ofUnited Provinces of Agra and OudhProvince · Directly administeredSnapshot from the 1901 census and the Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908-31). End of the relationship not established; recorded as open rather than inferred.High confidencesource
from 1901Part ofBenaresDistrict · Directly administeredSnapshot from the 1901 census and the Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908-31). End of the relationship not established; recorded as open rather than inferred.High confidencesource

Recorded names

Every documented spelling and transliteration held for this place. The historical name is canonical; modern names redirect to it.

Name variants recorded for this place
NameScriptTypeYears
BenaresLatinHistorical English
BanarasLatinAlternative spelling
BenarasLatinAlternative spelling
Benares CityLatinAlternative spelling
KashiLatinAlternative spelling
VaranasiLatinModern English
VaranasiLatinIndigenous
بنارسArabicIndigenous
وارانسیArabicIndigenous
बनारसDevanagariIndigenous
वाराणसीDevanagariIndigenous

Records and references

Imperial Gazetteer of India
Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908-31), Vol. 7 (7), p. 189

Sources

  1. Gazetteer· administrativeLicence unverified

    Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908–31), DSAL entry: Benares, University of Chicago / Digital South Asia Library

    Digital South Asia Library, University of Chicago — the 1908–31 text is public domain, but DSAL's digital presentation states no licence; link-out only

    Retrieved 2026-08-29

  2. Encyclopedia· generalCC BY-SA

    Wikipedia: Varanasi, Wikimedia Foundation

    Wikipedia contributors, CC BY-SA 4.0

    Retrieved 2026-08-29

  3. Database· identityCC0

    Wikidata (Q79980), Wikimedia Foundation

    Wikidata, CC0 1.0

    Retrieved 2026-08-29

Sources tagged “Licence unverified” are linked to rather than reproduced. Scans and images are only displayed inline where the licence is confirmed permissive.